An Investigation Into the Use of Science by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in Relation to Climate Change

An investigation into the use of skill by the United p moderates purlieual security Agency in relation to modality switch over 1. ledger entry humor transmit is now the greatest milieual problem confronting the primer coat ecosystem and humanity beings. It is largely caused by unrestricted nursery gas e directions completely over the world from industry and many human activities. It brush aside be prevented from becoming worse if some decisive measures and actions ar in habitation (Total Environment Centre, 2012).As one of the world environmental advocacy bodies, the United States environmental Protection Agency (EPA) dedicates to protect human health and the environment. The advocay body is effected for the purpose of reducing environmental risks to Ameri freighters, making efforts to incorporate U. S. policies in environment into actions on the basis of the just about reliable scientific information (EPA, 2012). To consistently name and quotation the impact of mode castrate, the adaptation needs through managing humor threat, and the exact decision-making actions, scientific discipline plays an essential role (Laguna, 2012).For the advocacy organisations, knowledge give the gate besides animation their values and interests. In this case, an investigation into the use of science by the EPA concerning mode heighten is to be done in this paper. 2. EPAs advocacy positions 2. 1 EPAs contri furtherion to delve on humor change About debate on clime change, EPA released news to actualise the government policies and at the same eon advocate its positions. For instance, a carbon paper footprint reduction program named Carbon yeti successfully increase pots aw areness of climate change.This received EPAs supports and achieved an EPA gaudy line of credit Excellence Award (Kaufman, 2011). In addition, EPA released a report called EPA Endangerment decision which was make after a review of bountiful public comments and interrogati on results on climate change. The findings indicated that greenhouse gas from human activity is the master(prenominal) cause of climate change. Simultaneously, greenhouse gas pollution can also become a risk to public health and public well-being (Environmental Defense Fund, 2012).The EPA Endangerment Finding was later commented by the Office of Inspector ecumenic (OIG), but the OIG report was considered to adjudge mischaracterised EPAs findings. EPA then sent a response to Inspector planetarys report to claim the harshness of its scientific findings (EPA, 2011). EPAs attempt to state its advocacy position emphasize its use of science is significant to climate change studies. Whats more than, in EPAs FY 2013 work out proposition, EPA has shown its ongoing efforts in supporting the national render economy and constructing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Standards Program.The budget for this program includes a $10 millon increase in the EPAs National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions scien ce lab for certification and compliance testing programs and in evaluating new biofuels technologies. All EPA 2013 budget endorses American president Obamas vision of an American that develops sustainably (Milbourn, 2012). EPA administrator Lisa P. capital of Mississippi made a statement when she left Cabinet after State of Union that the need to address climate change was quite urgent. She back up Obamas positive attitude towards human health and environment bulwark (Johnson, 2012). 2. EPA values and interests As aforementioned, the mission of EPA is to protect human health and the environment. To be more specific, the values and interests of EPA are different in nature but consistent in EPAs claim to manage climate change. Interests pretend EPAs desire or finales to achieve something especially in a conflict situation (Maiese, 2012). It is notable that there exist conflict amid human health and energy use on one hand, nation want to live healthily on the other hand, human a ctivities at present inevitably contribute to the production of greenhouse gas so as to prompt climate change.Under such circumstance, EPA positions itself as a facilitator to take the threat to human life and elevate the environment mark off where community live (EPA, 2012). It is the goal that EPA aims to achieve, and human health is their priority. By contrast, values are ways hoi polloi see the world and the fundamental ideas they believe are right (Maiese, 2012). EPA states that to protect the environment is all the lots responsibility. It believes that climate change affects e realone because peoples daily life is closely connected with the climate.A changing climate in the degrading environment can lead to a shortage of peoples piddle supplies, power systems, and human safety. If no efforts are to be made to muffle the risks of climate change to human life, the world in which the next generations live will have to face more disasters (EPA, 2012). In general, EPA focus es on the amelioration of the authentic condition of climate change in evidence to shape a more environment-friendly world in the future. The most important task so farthermost is to raise everyones awareness of s natural elevationping climate change since everyone has the responsibility. . EPAs use of science 3. 1 Role of science Scientific interrogation plays a prominent role in managing climate change, and EPA tries to use science to support their interests and values. It is known that science has led to a better ground of climate change and proves the general conclusions made by previous scientists in the past few years. It confirms that the causes of climate change originate from human activity rather than the natural forces and the effects of climate change are very serious (Leggett, 2007).To further study the direct cause of climate, EPA manifests that the temperature of the background is the main factor, while it is the greenhouse effect that keeps a high heat of the earth atmosphere. With the industrial development, humans began to exert growe influence on climate, peculiarly through increasing billions of tons of greenhouse gases to the earth atmosphere (NRC, 2010). In addition, since the 20th century, most of the global warming under observation is owing to greenhouse gas emissions by human beings (NRC, 2002). The figure below demonstrates the change.Figure earths temperature change in the 20th century pic Source Hegerl et al. , 2007 It can be observed that with human-caused greenhouse gases emissions, the earths temperature soared in the mid-20th century. In another word, human hold responsible to climate change. To comprehensively address climate change and raise peoples consciousness of environment protection, EPA uses science to tell people about why climate is changing, its impacts and adaptation, indicators for notice climate change, and prediction of future climate dynamics (EPA, 2012).This in unfreeze warns people about the potent ial serious effects of climate change and appeals them to participate into the actions to stop climate change. 3. 2 Use of science to support values and interests The values and interests of EPA are presented previously that EPA aims at ameliorating the current condition of climate change for the sake of creating a world where people can live healthily and in harmony with the environment. EPA values everyones responsibility of slowing down climate change as the most important for the reason that everyone contributes to and shares the effects of climate change.EPA thereby attempts to convince people by using science that if their efforts can congregate together, the climate change will not become a threat. Since EPA considers climate change is cerebrate to everyones daily activity, and it is not just a simple slogan, EPA adopts the mutual-sense orgasm to develop standards for greenhouse gas emissions. Under the guidance of the Clean Air Act which is an American federal law, EPA is able to respond to the law actively by taking a series of common-sense-procedures to face the challenge of climate change.It is acknowledged that all the people should get to know the basic scientific facts about climate change, and if no actions are taken, our planet will add up into a very dangerous state (Clark & Gleick, 2010). That is to say, taking actions can alleviate human from confronting catastrophic results. To EPA, human health and environment are deuce important objectives it endeavors to protect. Besides, the sustainable development of the next generation is also the top concern. In this case, people now have to derive how to reduce greenhouse gas in everyday life from the basic common sense.EPA, therefore, tells people to use electricity more, burn woods less, keep recycling, save water at home, at the office, on the road and at school. It presents them how much greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced and at the same time how much cash can be saved through regen erate the old energy source with new eco-friendly energy (EPA, 2012). All these common senses are supported by science using mathematic computer science to sack people be aware of the significance and benefits to be green, and thus be healthy. For instance, EPA shows people to have a full load of their dishwasher when it is running.This can save up to 100 pounds of carbon dioxide with approximately $40 money being saved per year (EPA, 2012). Such common sense enables people to learn how to be a smart energy user. All these efforts and EPAs use of science are consistent with EPAs values and interests because the goal is to involve everyone in taking actions to adapt to climate change and in an effort to stop it. It is no doubt an undeniable fact that climate change is not a single person or whole an advocacy bodys responsibility to face with and manage, instead, it needs everyones participation.However, to really involve everyone requires enough patience and time. 4. Conclusions T o sum up, the report made an investigation into the use of science by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) relating to climate change. The report chose EPA for the study because it has clear stand on climate change. In another word, it advocates people to take actions to prevent the climate change from becoming worse. The report presented EPAs contribution in the debate on climate change that EPA has new releases, published papers on climate change as well as media appearances by its administrator.The report then demonstrated EPAs values and interests in order to understand EPAs advocacy positions in climate change. To be more specific, EPA focuses on the amelioration of the current condition of climate change in order to shape a more environment-friendly world in the future. The most important task so far is to raise everyones awareness of fish filet climate change since everyone has the responsibility. After that, EPAs use of science was effrontery to look at how it tries to support its values and interest.For one thing, by manifesting scientific information on climate change, EPA shows people the importance and peoples mission to deal with it for another, by using common-sense approach with science calculation to help people get involved in taking actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. All in all, EPAs use of science successfully supports its values and interests. Reference List Clark, W. C. , & Gleick, P. H. (2010). Climate change and the rectitude of science. Science, 328(5979), 689-690. Environmental Defense Fund. 2012). Overview of EPA endangerment finding. Retrieved from http//www. edf. org/climate/overview-epa-endangerment-finding EPA. (2011). EPAs response to Inspector Generals report on endangerment finding. Retrieved from http//yosemite. epa. gov/opa/admpress. nsf/721aa416060e4eda8525770b006e18b9/64a85204a88e46a785257919006fce32 OpenDocument EPA. (2012). Climate change basics. Retrieved from http//www. epa. gov/climatecha nge/basics/ EPA. (2012). Our mission and what we do. Retrieved from http//www. epa. gov/aboutepa/whatwedo. tml Hegerl, G. C. , Zwiers, F. W. , Braconnot, P. , Gillett, N. P. , Luo, Y. , Marengo Orsini, J. A. , Nicholls, N. , Penner, J. E. , & Stott, P. A. (2007). Understanding and attributing climate change. In S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor & H. L. Miller (eds. ), Climate change 2007 The sensual science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth judgement report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press. Johnson, A. (2012).Statement by EPA administrator Lisa P. capital of Mississippi announcing her leaving cabinet after State of Union. Retrieved from http//yosemite. epa. gov/opa/admpress. nsf/721aa416060e4eda8525770b006e18b9/3b1c073659f5e6a785257ae100548961 OpenDocument Kaufman, J. (2011). Carbon Yeti snares city of Bellevue an EPA Clean Air Excellence Award. Retrieved from h ttp//yosemite. epa. gov/opa/admpress. nsf/721aa416060e4eda8525770b006e18b9/14401a7faa2166cb852578a90059f915 OpenDocument Laguna, P. (2012). Use science to address climate change. Retrieved from http//www. hilstar. com/science-and-technology/2012/11/29/875809/%E2%80%98use-science-address-climate-change%E2%80%99 Leggett, J. A. (2007). Climate change Science and policy implications. CRS Report for Congress. Maiese, M. (2012). Interests, positions, needs, and values. Retrieved from http//www. beyondintractability. org/bi-essay/interests Milbourn, C. (2012). EPAs FY 2013 budget proposal focuses on core environmental and human health protections / EPA budget supports hot seat Obamas vision of an America that is built to last.Retrieved from http//yosemite. epa. gov/opa/admpress. nsf/721aa416060e4eda8525770b006e18b9/d38e604ef465557a852579a3005f4630 OpenDocument NRC (2002). Abrupt climate change Inevitable surprises. National Research Council. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, U SA. NRC (2010). Advancing the science of climate change. National Research Council. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA. Total Environment Centre. (2012). Climate change. Retrieved from http//www. tec. org. au/climate-change